How to Achieve 90%+ TiO₂ Recovery from Complex Titanium Ores?

2026-01-15

Achieving 90%+ titanium dioxide (TiO₂) recovery from complex titanium ores requires a thorough understanding of the ore’s mineral composition, processing technologies, and optimization techniques. Titanium is typically found in ores like ilmenite (FeTiO₃), rutile (TiO₂), and leucoxene, but its recovery becomes challenging when dealing with complex mineral assemblages. Here’s a systematic approach to achieving high TiO₂ recovery:

1. Comprehensive Ore Characterization

• Study the mineralogical and chemical composition of the ore to identify the titanium-bearing minerals (ilmenite, rutile, anatase, etc.) and impurities (iron, silica, magnesium, aluminum, etc.).
• Use techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mineral liberation analysis (MLA) to assess grain size, liberation, and association of minerals.

2. Beneficiation (Pre-concentration)

Physical Beneficiation:

• Separarea prin gravitație: Use spiral concentrators or shaking tables to exploit the difference in the specific gravity of TiO₂ minerals and gangue materials.
• Separare Magnetică: Remove magnetic impurities (e.g., magnetite, hematite) and concentrate slightly magnetic ilmenite minerals.

• Separare electrostatică: Separate conductive TiO₂ minerals (ilmenite, rutile) from non-conducting gangue.

  Flotație prin spumă:

• Use flotation techniques with selective collectors to remove gangue (e.g., silicates, carbonates) and enhance TiO₂ recovery.

  Proper beneficiation can significantly increase the grade of the ore before further processing.

3. Hydrometallurgical Techniques

For complex ores, chemical processing is often required:

• Leaching:
  • Treat the ore with leachants like sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or alkali to dissolve undesired impurities (e.g., iron).
  • In the case of ilmenite, enhance the dissolution of FeO/Fe₂O₃ while retaining titanium in the residue.

• Advanced techniques like pressure leaching or reductive acid leaching improve TiO₂ enrichment.

  Example: Sulfate or hydrochloric acid process can target iron removal while concentrating TiO₂.

4. Pyrometallurgical Upgrading

• Topire Convert ilmenite to synthetic rutile (>90% TiO₂) through processes like:
  • Becher Process: Reduce ilmenite with coal to convert FeO to metallic iron, which can be subsequently separated, leaving TiO₂-enriched residue.
  • Clorurare: React ilmenite or titanium slag with chlorine at high temperatures to produce titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄), which can be purified by distillation and then oxidized to produce pure TiO₂.

5. Combination of Techniques

Many processes require a combination of the above steps to optimize TiO₂ recovery. For example:

• Beneficiation followed by smelting and acid leaching can eliminate impurities effectively while concentrating TiO₂.
• Advanced flowsheet designs integrate flotation, gravity separation, and chemical upgrading for best results.

6. Optimization of Key Parameters

• Controlul pH-ului: Optimize pH during flotation or leaching to ensure maximum TiO₂ recovery while minimizing impurity removal.
• Temperature and Reductant Levels: In pyrometallurgical processes, control temperature and reducing agent levels for effective iron separation.
• Mărimea particulelor: Ensure proper comminution for maximum liberation of titanium minerals.

7. Tailings Management and Recycling

• Recycle intermediates and tailings to recover any remaining TiO₂.
• Reprocess fine particles often lost in separation processes to prevent TiO₂ losses.

8. Tehnologii avansate

• Consider innovative approaches like plasma smelting, bioleaching, or advanced solvent extraction to address complex ores more efficiently.

9. Case-Specific Process Design

• Each ore deposit is unique. Pilot-scale testing and custom flowsheet design ensure optimal recovery for a specific deposit.

By combining effective beneficiation, appropriate chemical or thermal treatment, and meticulous optimization, you can achieve consistent TiO₂ recoveries greater than 90%, even from challenging ores. Close attention to the mineralogy and careful adjustment of process parameters is critical in overcoming the difficulties posed by complex titanium ores.

Prominer (Shanghai) Mining Technology Co., Ltd. se specializează în furnizarea de soluții complete de prelucrare a mineralelor și materiale avansate la nivel global. Ne concentrăm pe: prelucrarea aurului, beneficiarirea litiului, minerale industriale. Ne specializăm în producția de materiale pentru anodă și prelucrarea grafitului.

Produsele includ: Macinare și clasificare, Separație și dehidratare, Raffinare aur, Prelucrare carbon/grafit și sisteme de lixiviere.

Oferim servicii complete, inclusiv proiectare inginerească, fabricație de echipamente, instalare și suport operațional, sprijinite de consultanță experți 24/7.

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