mchakato wa Uzalishaji wa Betri ya Lithium

2025-03-26

Betri ya ioni za lithiamu ni mfumo mzito, ikijumuisha anode, cathode, diaphragm, electrolyte, mkusanya wa mchanganyiko na binders, wakala wa kuhamasisha n.k. Mijadala iliyohusishwa inajumuisha mchakato wa electrochemical wa anode na cathode, uhamishaji wa ioni za lithiamu, uhamishaji wa elektroni, na kuenea kwa joto, nk. Mchakato wa uzalishaji wa betri ya lithiamu ni mrefu, ukihusisha zaidi ya michakato 50.

Lithium battery can be divided into cylindrical battery, square battery and soft package battery according to the form, and its production process has some differences, but overall, the lithium manufacturing process can be divided into the first step (pole manufacturing), the middle step (cell synthesis), the last step (forming and packaging). Because the safety performance of lithium ion battery is very high, the accuracy, stability and automation level of lithium battery equipment are highly required in the battery manufacturing process.

Vifaa vya umeme vya lithiamu ni vifaa vya anode na cathode, vifaa vya diaphragm, electrolyte na malighafi nyingine kupitia mchakato wa kawaida, vifaa vya mchakato wa uzalishaji, vifaa vya umeme vya lithiamu vinaathiri kwa kiasi kikubwa utendaji na gharama ya betri ya lithiamu, ni moja ya mambo yanayoamua. Kulingana na michakato tofauti ya kiteknolojia, vifaa vya umeme vya lithiamu vinaweza kugawanywa katika vifaa vya sehemu ya mbele, vifaa vya sehemu ya kati na vifaa vya sehemu ya nyuma. Katika laini ya uzalishaji wa lithiamu, thamani ya vifaa vya sehemu ya mbele, vifaa vya sehemu ya kati na vifaa vya sehemu ya nyuma inachukua takriban 4:3:3.

Lengo la uzalishaji katika hatua ya kwanza ni kukamilisha utengenezaji wa sahani za (chanya na hasi) polar. 

Mchakato mkuu wa mchakato uliopita ni: kuchanganya, kufunika, kusukuma na roller, kukata, uzalishaji, kukata kwa kutumia die, vifaa vinavyohusika kwa kiasi kikubwa ni pamoja na: mchanganyiko, mashine ya kufunika, mashine ya kusukuma na roller, mashine ya kukata, mashine ya uzalishaji, mashine ya kukata kwa kutumia die na vinginevyo.

Mchanganyiko wa mchanganyiko (vifaa vinavyotumika: mchanganyiko wa vaku) is to mix positive and negative solid battery materials evenly and then add solvent to stir into slurry. Slurry mixing is the beginning of the previous process, is to complete the subsequent coating, roller and other processes prior to the foundation.

 Mipako (vifaa: mashine ya mipako) is to stir the slurry evenly coated on the metal foil and dried into positive and negative pieces. As the core part of the previous process, the execution quality of the coating process profoundly affects the consistency, safety and life cycle of the finished battery, so the coating machine is the highest value of the equipment in the previous process.

 Kupiga na roller (kutumia vifaa: roller press) is to further compress the coated electrode sheet to improve the energy density of the battery. The smoothness of the roller – pressed rear electrode directly affects the processing effect of the post – sequence cutting process, and the uniformity of the active material of the electrode indirectly affects the performance of the cell.

Kukata (vifaa vinavyotumika: mashine ya kukata) is to continuously slice the wider coil of pole into a number of narrow pieces of required width. In the process of cutting, the pole slice encounters shearing fracture failure, and the level of edge after cutting (no burr, no buckling) is the key to evaluate the performance of the slicing machine.

Kutengeneza filamu (vifaa: mashine ya kutengeneza filamu) includes welding pole lugs after cutting, pasting protective tape, wrapping pole lugs or using laser cutting to shape pole lugs, etc., for subsequent winding process. Die cutting (used equipment: die cutting machine) is the coating after the pole piece punching molding, for the subsequent process.

Malengo ya uzalishaji wa mchakato wa katikati ni kukamilisha utengenezaji wa seli. Kuna tofauti katika njia za kiufundi na vifaa vya uzalishaji vya mchakato wa katikati wa aina tofauti za betri za lithiamu. 

The essence of the middle process is the assembly process. Specifically, it is the orderly assembly of the (positive and negative) pole pieces made from the previous process with the diaphragm and electrolyte. Due to the different energy storage structures of square (roll), cylindrical (roll) and soft pack (layer) batteries, there are obvious differences in the technical route and production line equipment of different types of lithium batteries in the middle process. Specifically, the middle process of square and cylindrical battery mainly includes winding, liquid injection and packaging. The equipment involved mainly includes: winding machine, liquid injection machine, packaging equipment (shell feeding machine, groove rolling machine, sealing machine, welding machine), etc. The main process of the middle process of the soft pack battery is laminating, liquid injection and packaging. The equipment involved mainly includes laminating machine, liquid injection machine and packaging equipment.

Kuzungusha (kikaratasi kilichotumika: mashine ya kuzungusha)inatumiwa kuzungusha karatasi ya nguzo iliyotengenezwa kwa mchakato wa kutengeneza au kutunga kuzungusha karatasi ndani ya seli ya betri ya lithium ion, inatumika hasa katika uzalishaji wa betri ya lithium ya mraba na mzunguko. Mashine ya kuzungusha inaweza kugawanywa katika mashine za kuzungusha za mraba na mashine za kuzungusha za silinda, kila moja ikitumika kwa uzalishaji wa betri ya lithium ya mraba na silinda. Ikilinganishwa na kuzungusha silinda, mchakato wa kuzungusha wa mraba unahitaji udhibiti wa mvutano mkubwa, hivyo mashine ya kuzungusha ya mraba inahitaji juhudi zaidi.

Uunganishaji (vifaa vinavyotumika: mlinzi) is the lamination of single pole pieces made in the die cutting process into lithium-ion battery cells, mainly used in the production of flexible battery. Compared with square and cylindrical cells, soft-clad cells have obvious advantages in energy density, safety and discharge performance. However, when the laminator completes a single stacking task, it involves the coordination of multiple sub-processes and complex mechanisms, so it needs to deal with complex dynamics control to improve the stacking efficiency. The speed of winding machine is directly related to the winding efficiency, and the method of efficiency enhancement is relatively simple. At present, the production efficiency and yield of laminated cell are not as good as those of wound cell.

Mashine ya sindano ya kioevu (vifaa vinavyotumika: mashine ya sindano ya kioevu) is the quantitative injection of battery electrolyte into the cell.

Kufunga kiini (vifaa vinavyotumika: mashine ya ganda, mashine ya kuzungusha, mashine ya kufunga, mashine ya kulehemu) is to put the coiling core into the shell of the core.

Lengo la uzalishaji wa mchakato huu wa mwisho ni kukamilisha uundaji na kufunga.

 Kupitia mchakato wa katikati, muundo wa kazi wa seli ya betri ya lithium umeshaundwa, umuhimu wa mchakato wa mwisho ni kuifanya iwe hai, kupitia uchunguzi, nadharia, mkusanyiko, matumizi ya usalama, utendaji thabiti wa bidhaa za betri za lithium. Mchakato mkuu wa sehemu ya mwisho wa mchakato unajumuisha: uundaji, kutenganisha kiasi, uchunguzi, nadharia, nk. Vifaa vinavyohusika hasa ni pamoja na: mashine ya kuchaji na kupakua, vifaa vya uchunguzi, nk.

Uundaji (vifaa vinavyotumika: mashine ya kuchaji na kupakua) is to activate the cell through the first charge, during which effective passivation film (SEI film) is generated on the negative electrode surface to achieve the “initialization” of the lithium battery.

Mgawanyiko wa uwezo (vifaa vinavyotumika: mashine ya kuchaji na kupakua), namely, “analysis capacity”, is to charge and discharge the cell in accordance with the design standard, in order to measure the electric capacity of the cell. Charge and discharge of the cell through the formation, capacitive process, so the charge and discharge machine is the most commonly used after the core equipment. The minimum working unit of charge-discharge machine is “channel”. A “unit” (BOX) is composed of a number of “channels”, and a number of “units” are combined together to form a charge-discharge machine.

Kujaribu (vifaa vilivyotumika: vifaa vya majaribio)inapaswa kufanywa kabla na baada ya kuchaji, kutoa na kusimama; Kuweka pamoja ni kuainisha na kuchagua betri baada ya kufanyiwa umbo na kutenganisha kiasi kulingana na viwango fulani kulingana na matokeo ya majaribio. Umuhimu wa mchakato wa kugundua na kupanga sio tu kuondoa bidhaa zisizofaa, kwa sababu katika matumizi halisi ya betri ya lithiamu ion, seli mara nyingi huunganishwa kwa sambamba na mfululizo, hivyo uchaguaji wa seli zenye utendaji sawa ni wa manufaa kwa utendaji wa jumla wa betri ili kufikia bora zaidi.