What flotation processes upgrade scheelite ore efficiently?
Scheelite (CaWO₄) is a key tungsten ore mineral, and its efficient upgrading is essential for producing tungsten. Flotation is one of the important beneficiation methods for scheelite recovery, particularly when the ore is fine-grained or when high purity is required. Below are some of the most efficient flotation processes used for upgrading scheelite ore:
1. Anionic Flotation with Fatty Acids
- المتفاعلات: Fatty acids (e.g., sodium oleate, oleic acid) are the most commonly used collectors for scheelite flotation.
- pH Range: Scheelite is preferentially floated in an alkaline medium, with an optimum pH around 9–10. Lime is often added to maintain the pH.
- Mechanism: At alkaline pH, fatty acids adsorb onto the scheelite surface through chemical bonding with calcium ions (Ca²⁺), forming hydrophobic surfaces conducive to flotation.
- Efficiency Enhancement: Adding modifiers like sodium silicate (to depress silica) and sodium carbonate (to control hard water ions) improves selectivity.
2. Mixed Cationic and Anionic Collectors
- المتفاعلات: Combining fatty acids (anionic) with cationic quaternary amines or other surfactants can improve flotation efficiency by widening the working pH range and enhancing collector adsorption.
- Mechanism: This synergy increases the hydrophobicity of scheelite and improves separation from gangue minerals, particularly silicates.
3. Selective Depression of Gangue
- مثبطات:
- Sodium silicate (depresses silicates like quartz).
- Sodium carbonate or phosphate (controls carbonate gangue such as calcite and dolomite).
- Water glass combined with other organic or inorganic depressants for better gangue mineral suppression.
- Strategy: Careful control of gangue depressants allows scheelite to selectively float while associated impurities (e.g., fluorite, calcite, and apatite) remain in the slurry.
4. Petrov’s Process (Selective Separation of Scheelite and Calcite)
- Calcite is a major gangue mineral often associated with scheelite.
- المتفاعلات: A fatty acid collector is combined with sodium carbonate to regulate pH and suppress calcite flotation.
- Flotation Conditions: Fine control of pH is critical. The difference in surface charge properties of scheelite and calcite in these conditions enables selective scheelite recovery.
- التعديلات:
Hydroxycarboxylic acids or complex phosphates may also be used to enhance selectivity.
5. Multistage Flotation
- Complex scheelite ores often require multistage cleaning and scavenging operations.
- Stages:
- تسيير أولي: Initial separation of scheelite from bulk gangue minerals.
- تنظيف عائم متقدم:
To improve concentrate grade by removing fine gangue particles.
- تنقية المكونات:
To recover fine scheelite lost in tailings.
6. Flotation with Salicylhydroxamic Acid (SHA)
- المتفاعلات: Salicylhydroxamic acid (a chelating agent) is a selective collector for scheelite at lower concentrations.
- المزايا: Provides high selectivity against calcium carbonate and fluorite, reducing the need for depressants.
- pH Range: This process often operates in a weaker acidic or neutral medium, allowing flexibility in reagent usage.
7. Fine Particle Flotation
- التحديات:
Scheelite ores often have fine-grained particles that are difficult to float efficiently.
- الحل:
- Hydrodynamic Conditions: Optimizing froth flotation cell conditions (e.g., aeration, agitation).
- المتفاعلات: Use of dispersants to prevent slimes coating and fine particle agglomeration.
- Innovations: Advanced reagents like hydroxamic acid derivatives enhance flotation efficiency for finer particles.
8. Temperature-Controlled Flotation
- Impact of Temperature: Certain collectors (e.g., oleic acid) perform better at elevated temperatures. Heating the pulp can improve scheelite recovery and grade.
- التطبيق: This approach requires additional energy input but is useful in cases where collector performance needs enhancement.
9. Reverse Flotation
- Mechanism: Gangue minerals (e.g., calcite, fluorite) are floated, leaving scheelite in the tailings.
- المتفاعلات: Depressants for scheelite (e.g., sodium silicate) combined with collectors for gangue minerals.
- المزايا: Effective for ores with large amounts of gangue minerals, especially carbonate gangue.
Key Points for Efficiency:
- الحدث الانتقائي: Proper use of reagents (collectors, depressants, modifiers) ensures high scheelite recovery and grade.
- Ore Pre-Treatment: Desliming, gravity concentration, or magnetic separation may precede flotation for better results.
- تحسين المواد الكيميائية: Customizing reagent types and dosages helps adapt to ore mineralogy and reduce costs.
By tailoring these flotation processes to the ore characteristics, efficient upgrading and high recovery rates for scheelite can be achieved.
تُخصص شركة برومينر (شانغهاي) لتكنولوجيا التعدين المحدودة في توفير حلول شاملة لمعالجة المعادن والمواد المتقدمة على مستوى العالم. تركيزنا الأساسي يشمل: معالجة الذهب، تحسين خام الليثيوم، المعادن الصناعية. و نُختص في إنتاج مادة الأُنود ومعالجة الجرافيت.
تشمل المنتجات: الطحن والتصنيف، والفصل والتجفيف، و تحلية الذهب، ومعالجة الكربون/الجرافيت، ونظم التصفية.
نقدم خدمات شاملة تتضمن تصميم الهندسي، وتصنيع المعدات، والتركيب، ودعم التشغيل، مدعومة باستشارات خبراء على مدار الساعة طوال أيام الأسبوع.
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