Baterai ion lithium adalah sistem yang kompleks, termasuk elektroda positif, elektroda negatif, membran, elektroda, kolektor fluida, dan pengikat, agen konduktif, dll. Reaksi yang terlibat mencakup reaksi elektrokimia elektroda positif dan negatif, konduksi ion lithium, konduksi elektron, dan difusi panas, dll. Proses produksi baterai lithium panjang, melibatkan lebih dari 50 proses.
Lithium battery can be divided into cylindrical battery, square battery and soft package battery according to the form, and its production process has some differences, but overall, the lithium manufacturing process can be divided into the first step (pole manufacturing), the middle step (cell synthesis), the last step (forming and packaging). Because the safety performance of lithium ion battery is very high, the accuracy, stability and automation level of lithium battery equipment are highly required in the battery manufacturing process.
Peralatan listrik lithium adalah bahan anoda dan katoda, bahan diaphgram, elektroda, dan bahan baku lainnya melalui proses yang teratur, peralatan proses manufaktur, peralatan listrik lithium memiliki dampak signifikan pada kinerja dan biaya baterai lithium, merupakan salah satu faktor penentu. Menurut berbagai proses teknologi, peralatan listrik lithium dapat dibagi menjadi peralatan bagian depan, peralatan bagian tengah, dan peralatan bagian belakang. Dalam jalur produksi lithium, nilai peralatan bagian depan, bagian tengah, dan bagian belakang masing-masing berjumlah sekitar 4:3:3.
Proses utama dari proses sebelumnya adalah: mencampur, melapisi, menekan rol, memotong, produksi, pemotongan cetakan, peralatan yang terlibat terutama terdiri dari: mixer, mesin pelapis, press rol, mesin pemotong, mesin produksi, mesin pemotongan cetakan, dan sebagainya.
Pencampuran slurry (peralatan yang digunakan: mixer vakum) is to mix positive and negative solid battery materials evenly and then add solvent to stir into slurry. Slurry mixing is the beginning of the previous process, is to complete the subsequent coating, roller and other processes prior to the foundation.
Pelapisan (peralatan: mesin pelapis) is to stir the slurry evenly coated on the metal foil and dried into positive and negative pieces. As the core part of the previous process, the execution quality of the coating process profoundly affects the consistency, safety and life cycle of the finished battery, so the coating machine is the highest value of the equipment in the previous process.
Menekan rol (peralatan yang digunakan: press rol) is to further compress the coated electrode sheet to improve the energy density of the battery. The smoothness of the roller – pressed rear electrode directly affects the processing effect of the post – sequence cutting process, and the uniformity of the active material of the electrode indirectly affects the performance of the cell.
Pemotongan (peralatan yang digunakan: mesin pemotongan) is to continuously slice the wider coil of pole into a number of narrow pieces of required width. In the process of cutting, the pole slice encounters shearing fracture failure, and the level of edge after cutting (no burr, no buckling) is the key to evaluate the performance of the slicing machine.
Pembuatan film (peralatan: mesin pembuatan film) includes welding pole lugs after cutting, pasting protective tape, wrapping pole lugs or using laser cutting to shape pole lugs, etc., for subsequent winding process. Die cutting (used equipment: die cutting machine) is the coating after the pole piece punching molding, for the subsequent process.
The essence of the middle process is the assembly process. Specifically, it is the orderly assembly of the (positive and negative) pole pieces made from the previous process with the diaphragm and electrolyte. Due to the different energy storage structures of square (roll), cylindrical (roll) and soft pack (layer) batteries, there are obvious differences in the technical route and production line equipment of different types of lithium batteries in the middle process. Specifically, the middle process of square and cylindrical battery mainly includes winding, liquid injection and packaging. The equipment involved mainly includes: winding machine, liquid injection machine, packaging equipment (shell feeding machine, groove rolling machine, sealing machine, welding machine), etc. The main process of the middle process of the soft pack battery is laminating, liquid injection and packaging. The equipment involved mainly includes laminating machine, liquid injection machine and packaging equipment.
Penggulungan (peralatan yang digunakan: mesin penggulungan)digunakan untuk menggulung lembaran kutub yang dibuat oleh proses pembuatan atau mekanisme pemotongan die menjadi sel baterai baterai ion lithium, yang terutama digunakan dalam produksi baterai lithium kotak dan bulat. Mesin penggulungan dapat dibagi menjadi dua kategori, yaitu mesin penggulungan kotak dan mesin penggulungan silindris, masing-masing untuk produksi baterai lithium kotak dan silindris. Dibandingkan dengan penggulungan silindris, proses penggulungan kotak memerlukan kontrol ketegangan yang lebih tinggi, sehingga mesin penggulungan kotak lebih sulit.
Laminasi (peralatan yang digunakan: laminator) is the lamination of single pole pieces made in the die cutting process into lithium-ion battery cells, mainly used in the production of flexible battery. Compared with square and cylindrical cells, soft-clad cells have obvious advantages in energy density, safety and discharge performance. However, when the laminator completes a single stacking task, it involves the coordination of multiple sub-processes and complex mechanisms, so it needs to deal with complex dynamics control to improve the stacking efficiency. The speed of winding machine is directly related to the winding efficiency, and the method of efficiency enhancement is relatively simple. At present, the production efficiency and yield of laminated cell are not as good as those of wound cell.
Mesin injeksi cairan (peralatan yang digunakan: mesin injeksi cairan) is the quantitative injection of battery electrolyte into the cell.
Pengemasan inti (peralatan yang digunakan: mesin cangkang, mesin penggulung alur, mesin penyegel, mesin pengelasan) is to put the coiling core into the shell of the core.
Melalui proses tengah, struktur fungsional dari sel baterai lithium telah terbentuk, arti dari proses terakhir adalah mengaktifkannya, melalui deteksi, pengurutan, perakitan, penggunaan produk baterai lithium yang aman dan berkinerja stabil. Proses utama dari bagian terakhir dari proses ini mencakup: pembentukan, pemisahan volume, deteksi, pengurutan, dll. Peralatan yang terlibat terutama meliputi: mesin pengisi daya dan pelepasan, peralatan deteksi, dll.
Pembentukan (alat yang digunakan: mesin pengisian-pengosongan) is to activate the cell through the first charge, during which effective passivation film (SEI film) is generated on the negative electrode surface to achieve the “initialization” of the lithium battery.
Pembagian kapasitas (alat yang digunakan: mesin pengisian dan pengosongan), namely, “analysis capacity”, is to charge and discharge the cell in accordance with the design standard, in order to measure the electric capacity of the cell. Charge and discharge of the cell through the formation, capacitive process, so the charge and discharge machine is the most commonly used after the core equipment. The minimum working unit of charge-discharge machine is “channel”. A “unit” (BOX) is composed of a number of “channels”, and a number of “units” are combined together to form a charge-discharge machine.
Pengujian (alat yang digunakan: peralatan pengujian)harus dilakukan sebelum dan setelah pengisian, pengosongan, dan penempatan; Pengurutan adalah untuk mengklasifikasikan dan memilih baterai setelah pembentukan dan pemisahan volume sesuai dengan standar tertentu berdasarkan hasil uji. Signifikansi proses deteksi dan pengurutan tidak hanya untuk mengeliminasi produk yang tidak memenuhi syarat, karena dalam aplikasi praktis baterai lithium ion, sel sering dikombinasikan secara paralel dan seri, jadi pemilihan sel dengan kinerja yang serupa mendukung kinerja keseluruhan baterai untuk mencapai yang optimal.
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